RuiSiCheng CNC machining center operating machine whole process.
01 start-up preparation
Machine at each start up or machine by emergency stop reset, first back to the machine reference zero (that is, back to zero), so that the machine for its future operations have a reference position.
02 clamping workpiece
Before the workpiece clamping to clean the surface, do not adhere to oil, iron and dust, and file (or stone) to remove the surface of the workpiece burr.
The equi-high speed rail used for clamping must be polished by the grinder to make the surface smooth and level.Code iron, nut must be strong, can reliably clamp the workpiece, for some difficult to clamp the small workpiece can be directly clamped on the tiger;Machine tool table should be clean, no iron filings, dust, oil;Pad iron is generally placed in the four corners of the workpiece, the span of the workpiece is too large in the middle of the need to put the equivalent height pad iron.
Check the length, width and height of the workpiece according to the size of the drawing.
When clamping the workpiece, according to the programming operation instructions of the clamping position, to avoid the processing of parts and in the processing of the knife may encounter the situation of the fixture.
After the workpiece is placed on the pad, it is necessary to pull the table on the datum plane of the workpiece according to the requirements of the drawing. For the workpiece which has been ground on six sides, it is necessary to check whether its perpendicularity is qualified.
After the completion of the workpiece tension table must tighten the nut, in order to prevent the clamping is not firm so that the workpiece in the processing of the phenomenon of displacement;Pull the meter again to make sure the error is not out of tolerance after clamping.
03 workpiece collision number
The workpiece with good clamping can be touched by the touch number to set the processing reference zero, the touch number can be photoelectric type and mechanical type.There are two methods: middle collision number and single collision number. The steps of middle collision number are as follows:
Photoelectric static, mechanical speed 450~600rpm.Move the X-axis of the work table manually to make the number of colliding heads touch one side of the workpiece. When the colliding heads just touch the workpiece and the red light is on, set the relative coordinate value at this point to zero.Then manually move the X-axis of the work table to make the contact with the other side of the workpiece. When the contact with the workpiece, write down the relative coordinates.
According to its relative value minus the diameter of the contact head (i.e. the length of the workpiece), check whether the length of the workpiece conforms to the requirements of the drawing.
Divide this relative coordinate number by 2, the resulting value is the intermediate value of the X-axis of the workpiece, then move the table to the intermediate value of the X-axis, set the relative coordinate value of the X-axis at this point to zero, this is the zero position on the X-axis of the workpiece.
Carefully record the mechanical coordinate value of zero on the X-axis of the workpiece in one of G54~G59, let the machine determine the zero on the X-axis of the workpiece.Again, check the data carefully.The steps of setting the Y-axis zero position of the workpiece are the same as those of the X-axis.
04 get all the tools ready
According to the tool data in the programming instructions, change the tool to be processed, and let the tool touch the height gauge on the datum plane. Set the relative coordinate value at this point to zero when the red light of the gauge is on.
Move the tool to a safe place, manually move the tool down 50mm, and set the relative coordinate value at this point to zero again. This point is the zero of the z-axis.
Record the mechanical Z value of this point in one of G54~G59.This completes the zero setting of workpiece X, Y and Z axis.Again, check the data carefully.
The one side collides with the side of the X and Y axis of the workpiece according to the above method. The radius of the relative coordinate value of the X and Y axis at this point is the zero of the X and Y axis. Finally, the mechanical seat of the X and Y axis is marked in one of G54~G59.Again, check the data carefully.
Check the correctness of the zero, move the X and Y axis to the edge of the workpiece, and visually check the correctness of the zero according to the size of the workpiece.
Copy the program files to the computer according to the file path of the programming instructions.
05 setting of processing parameters
Setting of spindle speed during machining:
N = 1000 x V/(3.14 x D)
N: spindle speed (RPM /min)
V: cutting speed (m/min)
D: tool diameter (mm)
Feed speed setting for processing: F=N×M×Fn
F: feed speed (mm/min)
M: number of tool edges
Fn: cutting quantity of the tool (mm/ RPM)
Setting of cutting quantity per blade: Fn=Z×Fz
Z: number of cutting edges
Fz: amount of cutting per blade (mm/ RPM)
06 boot machining
At the beginning of each program you must carefully check that the tool you are using is the tool specified in the programming guide.Began to make feed processing speed to the minimum, single section, rapid positioning, falling knife, feed must concentrate, when there is something wrong with the hand should be put on the stop button to immediately stop, watch tool motion direction to ensure the safety of feed, then slowly increase the feed rate to the right, at the same time to the cutting tool and workpiece cooling fluid or air cooling.
Rough machining shall not be too far from the control panel, there are abnormal phenomena timely stop for inspection.
After coarsening, pull the gauge again to make sure the workpiece is not loose.Recalibration and collision Numbers, if any, are required.
In the process of continuous optimization of processing parameters, the best processing effect.
As this procedure is a key procedure, after the workpiece is processed, it shall be measured whether the main dimension value is consistent with the requirements of the drawing. If there is any problem, it shall immediately notify the shift leader or programmer to check and solve it. After self-inspection, it can be removed and sent to the inspector for special inspection.
Processing type:
Hole processing: before drilling in the processing center, it is necessary to position with the center drill, then drill with the drill bit 0.5~2mm smaller than the drawing size, and finally finish with the appropriate drill bit.
Reaming processing: to reaming the workpiece, it is also necessary to use the center drill to locate the workpiece, then drill with a drill bit 0.5~0.3mm smaller than the size in the drawing, and finally reaming with a reamer. During reaming, please pay attention to control the spindle speed within 70~180rpm/min.
Boring processing: the workpiece boring processing should be first with the center drill positioning, and then with the size of 1~2mm smaller than the drawing of the drill hole, and then with the coarse boring cutter (or milling cutter) processing left only one side 0.3mm or so machining margin, finally with the pre-adjusted size of the fine boring cutter for fine boring, the last fine boring margin shall not be less than 0.1mm.
Direct numerical control (DNC) operations: before the DNC nc machining to install and clip the workpiece, set the zero, set the parameters.Open the processor to be passed in the computer for checking, then enter the computer into the DNC state and enter the file name of the correct processor.Press the TAPE key and program start key on the machine tool, then the machine tool controller appears flashing LSK.On the computer press enter keyboard can be DNC number processing.
07 Content and scope of self-inspection
Before processing, the processor must see the content of the process card, know the parts to be processed, shape, drawing size and know the processing content of the next process.
Before the workpiece is clamped, the blank size should be measured to see if it conforms to the requirements of the drawing.
After finishing the rough machining, it is necessary to carry out self-inspection in time, so as to adjust the error data in time.The content of self-inspection is mainly the location size of the processing part.Such as: whether the workpiece is loose;Whether the workpiece is correctly divided;Whether the dimensions from the processing site to the reference edge (reference point) meet the requirements of the drawing;The position dimensions of the machining parts to each other.After checking the position size, measure the rough shape ruler (except arc).
After rough machining self - inspection before finishing.After finishing, the workers should carry out self-inspection on the shape and dimension of the processing parts.The dimension of the base point indicated on the drawing for measuring the machining part of the bevel.
After completing the workpiece self-inspection, the workers can remove the workpiece and send it to the inspector for special inspection after confirming that it conforms to the drawings and process requirements.