It is estimated that the average car is made up of more than 10,000 indivisible parts.Highly complex tailor-made cars, such as formula one racing cars, can have as many as 20,000 individual parts.
Of course, it is estimated that no one can accurately calculate the number of parts in a car.The more parts a car has, the less reliable it is.
The car generally consists of four basic parts: engine, chassis, body and electronic and electrical equipment.
01
Automobile engine
The engine is the power unit of the automobile, which is mainly composed of the body, the crank linkage mechanism, the valve mechanism, the cooling system, the lubricating system, the fuel system and the ignition system (the diesel engine has no ignition system).
Cooling system: generally composed of water tank, water pump, radiator, fan, thermostat, water thermometer and water discharge switch.Car engines are cooled in two ways: by air and by water.General automobile engine USES antifreeze liquid to cool more.
Lubrication system: engine lubrication system is composed of oil pump, collecting filter, oil filter, oil channel, pressure limit valve, oil gauge, pressure gauge and so on.
Fuel system: gasoline engine fuel system consists of gasoline tank, gasoline meter, gasoline pipe, gasoline filter, gasoline pump, fuel injection nozzle, air filter, intake and exhaust manifold.
Ignition system: consists of ignition power supply, ignition switch, ignition coil, spark plug and high voltage cable.
02
Automobile chassis
Automobile chassis is mainly composed of transmission system, driving system, steering system and braking system.
Transmission: it is mainly composed of clutch, transmission, universal joint, drive shaft and drive axle.
The role of the clutch is to make the engine power and transmission device to engage smoothly or temporarily separated, in order to facilitate the driver of the car to start, stop, shift and other operations.
The transmission is composed of gearbox, gearbox cover, first axle, second axle, intermediate axle, reverse axle, gear, bearing, control mechanism and other parts.
Driving system: by the frame, axle, suspension and wheels and other parts, its basic function is to support the quality of the whole car and ensure the running of the car.
Leaf springs and shock absorbers: the purpose of a leaf spring is to provide an elastic connection between the frame and body of the car and the wheels or axle.The role of the shock absorber is to soften the shock of the car when it is hit.The shock absorber is used in parallel with the leaf spring.
Steering system: composed of steering wheel, steering gear, steering knuckle, steering knuckle arm, horizontal pull rod, straight pull rod, etc.
Front wheel positioning: in order to make the car to keep a stable straight line, the steering light, reduce the car in the running tires and steering parts wear, the front wheel, steering kingpin, front axle installation among the three has a certain relative position, this is called "front wheel positioning."It includes kingpin tilt, production and marketing tilt, the front wheel before the bundle.The front beam value refers to the difference between the front edge distance of two front wheels and the back edge distance.
Braking system: the role of the braking system is to make the driving car according to the driver's requirements for forced deceleration or even stop;To stabilize parked vehicles in a variety of road conditions, including on ramps;Keep the speed of cars going downhill steady.At present, domestic automobile manufacturers in the small and medium-sized finished products of the car use more for the front disc and rear drum brake system, some models for four-wheel disc brake, compared with the drum brake, disc brake is more advanced in technology, braking performance is better.
03
Automobile body and accessories
The main role of the car body is to protect the driver and constitute a good aerodynamic environment.Automobile body structure from the form, mainly divided into non - bearing, bearing, half bearing.Automobile body components include engine cover, roof cover, trunk cover, wing panel, front panel, etc.
engine cover: the structure of the engine cover is generally composed of the outer plate and the inner plate, sandwiched with heat insulation material, the inner plate to enhance the role of rigidity, its geometry is selected by the manufacturer, basically is the skeleton form.The bonnet is generally flipped backward when opened, but a small portion is flipped forward.
roof cover: the cover plate at the top of a car.For the overall stiffness of the car body, the top cover is not a very important part, which is the reason for allowing sunroof on the top cover.From a design point of view, the important thing is how it smoothly transitions with the front and rear window frames and the junction points with the pillar to obtain the best visual sense and the minimum air resistance.Of course, in order to ensure the safety of the roof cover should also have a certain degree of strength and stiffness, generally add a certain number of reinforced beams under the roof cover, the inner layer of the roof laid with insulating gasket material, in order to prevent the conduction of external temperature and reduce the transmission of noise when vibration.
trunk cover: the trunk cover also has the outer plate and the inner plate, the inner plate has the reinforcement.Some cars, known as "two and a half" cars, have their trunk extended upward, including the rear windshield, which increases the opening area and forms a door, hence also known as the back door, so as to maintain a three-car shape and facilitate storage.
wing board: wing board is the outer board of the body covering the wheels, because of the old body shape and position of the parts like bird wings.According to the installation position, it is divided into the front wing sub-plate and the rear wing sub-plate. The front wing sub-plate is installed at the front wheel, so it is necessary to ensure the maximum limit space when the front wheel rotates and bounces. The rear wing sub-plate does not have the problem of wheel rotation and collision.At present, some car wing panels have become a whole with the body.
front coaming: front coaming refers to the partition between the engine room and the car, which is connected with the floor and the front column to install the car body, under the front coaming.There are many holes on the front coaming board, which are used for the passage of the pull wire, pull rod, pipe and wire harness for operation, and the installation position of the parts such as the pedal and the square frame.
04
Electronic electrical
Automotive electronics is the general name of electronic control device and electronic control device of vehicle.
Body electronic control device includes: engine control system, chassis control system and body electronic control system.These are electronic control systems composed of sensors, microprocessor MPU, actuators, dozens or even hundreds of electronic components and parts.
Vehicle electronic devices include: battery, generator, regulator, starter, ignition system, instrument, lighting device, audio device, wiper, etc.